Saturday, January 8, 2011

THE AUDIT: Applying It All

I am going to audit two different ads.

Ad #1 is a print ad from one of the Arabic magazines published in the UAE. The product featured in the ad is anti-frizz serum by Indian company Dabur.


Ad #2 is also a print ad featured in American magazines. The product is anti-frizz cream by Dove.





Auditing Ad #1:




The first thing I noticed about the is the woman. She has heavy eye makeup on, and her hair is blow dried to perfection. She is wearing a white sheath. It doesn’t look like real clothing, this leads me to think she was wearing something else but censorship in the Arabic Magazine decided it wasn’t appropriate.  I am guessing the woman in the ad is south Asian, because the brand is Indian. Her facial expression says serene. Personally I believe she should look “happy” for getting rid of her hair frizz.
I first looked at the woman, then the products next to her, and then read the largest words of the text. It says “anti-frizz.” Its seems to me, they wanted the viewer to first wonder what the add was all about and then answer it. The smaller text is just additional information (introduction of the product + what it can do).
I would describe this ad as busy and unfocused. There is A LOT of text all over the place. There are 3 images: picture of woman, picture of products, and on right lower side there is an illustration.
The colors used in the ad all complement each other. Nothing sticks out. Nothing grabs my attention. It makes me wonder whether the design of the ad was done based on aesthetic reasoning only. There is no main focus to this ad.
Appeals: informational and glamour.
I think want the ad is trying to say: “if you want pretty frizz-free hair like the model buy this product.” However, on the receiving end I am having trouble decoding this ad. There is a lot going on. What I am getting is: “this product can fix your damaged hair.”
I would understand culturally why this ad was made and chosen for an Emirati audience. The woman in the ad could pass for an Emirati/Arabic woman.  The woman isn’t wearing anything that might be culturally offensive.  I am not sure whether the ad was actually created for a South Asian audience, and has been transplanted in the UAE. However, I think it might as well have been created for an Emirati audience. There a lot of ads in the UAE that follow the same format.
Personally, this ad isn’t working for me. I think the lack of focus is negative point. The appeals used are a cliché for this type of product. However, the ad might work on a viewer who prefers the verbal aspect of advertising rather than the visual aspects.



 


Auditing Ad #2:




This ad made me laugh. The two images of Marge Simpson are the main focus of the ad.  In the first image, Marge’s hair is how it has always been a curly foot long upright beehive. She looks self-doubting and insecure. In the second image, her hair is transformed into loose voluminous waves. She looks confident and assured.
Without reading the text, you can predict that this ad is either an ad for a new season of the Simpsons or a hair product. When you finally do read the text, it makes sense that it’s an ad for an anti-frizz cream by Dove. The slogan is also humorous: “unstick your style.” It also relates perfectly to the image of Marge whose hair has always been the same.
I would describe this ad as funny and cheerful.
I think using white as the background color was a great contrast to the colorful Marge. It was clear that main focus of the ad was Marge.
Appeals: Humor
The Simpsons is a very popular TV show both in the states and other countries. The Simpsons family have been around since the late 1980s. We could say that Marge is used as a cultural icon.
I believe this ad is effective. The humor works. It is simple and to the point. I also think that even if a person hasn’t heard of the Simpsons he/she would understand the ad, it easy to understand the change occurring between the two images. Although I don’t think that person will get the humor presented in the ad.

DOCUMENTARY: Sell & Spin

I found this documentry on YouTube. I think its a great way to learn the history of advertising and gain a broader understanding.


















LESSON TEN: Questions to ask yourself when auditing an ad

In addition to everything you learned from previous posts, there are questions you need to ask yourself when you're auditing an ad. These questions are adapted from Media Education Foundation and Center for Media Literacy.


1- What adjectives can you use to describe this ad?

2-  What do the people in the ad look like?

3- What gender is represented?

4- What are their facial expressions?

5- What parts of  the ad are highlighted and what parts are not? (camera angle and lightening)

6- What colors are used? brightness and contrast?

7- What does the text look like? How big is it? What kind of font? What are the colors used?

8- What does the text say?

9- What is the product? Do you find it appealing? Why?

10- What feelings are they trying to associate with the product?

11- What can you tell about the target audience from the ad?

12- What assumptions is the ad making about gender? Are the assumptions realistic? Do they inforce or challenge stereotypes?

13- What assumptions is the ad making about race? Are the assumptions realistic? Do they inforce or challenge stereotypes?

14- What assumptions is the ad making about class? Are the assumptions realistic? Do they inforce or challenge stereotypes?

15- How would different individuals respond to this ad?

16- What are the possible consequences?

17- Is this ad socially responsible? How or how not?

LESSON NINE: CULTURE

Here are two ads of the same product (snickers bar), they are very similar except each was intended for a different audiences: 1- An American audience 2- An Arabic audience

Both ads share the message "You're not you when you're hungry"

Let's have a look at the ads first:


                                                    American version starring Betty White

Arabic version starring Raga Al Gedawi


Both ads employed a humorous appeal. Both ads had the same message but in different languages. Both ads are snickers ads. And in both ads we had acclaimed actresses from the older generation.

The only DIFFERENCE is the storyline. The question is WHY? Why are the storylines different when both ads share a number of things most importantly the message?

The answer is culture. An Arabic audience might not accept or find it funny that young men are pushing an older woman while playing football. It is culturally unacceptable. You can now understand why the storyline was adapted in the Arabic version of the ad.

Culture plays an important role in understanding the media, especially in advertising. When you're trying to sell something or get a message across it is very critical that your target audience understands your message easily, and is not offended by it.

Next time you see an ad, think WHO created this ad and for WHOM?

 


Friday, January 7, 2011

ADVERTISING OUTSIDE THE BOX

Here are some of the most creative ads I have ever seen. I would really like to see super creative ads to take place in the UAE.

I'll just leave you with the pictures:
























INSPIRATION

I found a great website/blog! The inspiration room is website created to inspire all the creatives out there.

Check it out:


WWW.THEINSPIRATIONROOM.COM

LESSON EIGHT: APPEALS II

Advertising appeals aren't always categorized as informational or emotional. There are other appeals that are different and don't always fit these categories. Sometimes appeals can overlap in an ad.

Here's a list of different appeals:


Fantasy


Love





Self-importance


Humor


Nature


Glamour



Childhood






There are even more appeals that are used in advertising, and a many more ways to use them. Next time you spot an ad, think about the appeals that are used.

LESSON SEVEN: APPEALS I

Another aspect to consider when talking about advertising is APPEALS.

Appeals are similar to "messages/images" used in ads, but keep in mind the difference. Appeals specifically influence the way consumers think  of a product or service.


Some advertisers categorize appeals according to 2 main categories: informational/rational appeals and emotional appeals.


Examples of ads using informational/rational appeals:








Examples of ads using emotional appeals:

                                                               Emotion: self-esteem & pride


                                                          Emotion: joy, sentiment, & pleasure


Some ads incorprate BOTH informational and emotional appeals:








LESSON SIX: The World of Luxury Advertising

In the last post, we talked about images and messages used in advertising. These messages are what is generally used. Specific products require specific types of messages.

We will now look at advertising in the luxury market. I attended a talk by Mac McClelland, who is president and CEO of the Luxury Marketing Council in the Middle East.

He talked about how luxury brands advertise themselves through stories (i.e. messages).




I've compiled a list of some of  the different stories McClleland talked about in his presentation:



1- STORY OF SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE

Rolex ad




2-  STORY OF SOPHISTICATION

                                                             Patek Phillipe Generations ad




3-  STORY OF COLLABORATION

Lacoste & Zaha Hadid ad



5- STORY OF INNOVATION


Swarovski crystallized elements ad



6- STORY OF HERITAGE


                                                                 Breguet Napoleon ad




7- STORY OF PROVENANCE


Dunhill ad - Great Britain

LESSON FIVE: The Truth about advertising....

What does advertising ultimately seek to achieve?

PERSUASION

Yes! That's it. The true function of advertising is to persuade us that that product/service is the best, and we should pay money to have it!

Since saying that clear and out loud has become old and does not work on consumers today, advertisers are challenged everyday to create new means that will attract consumers.

Ads disguise themselves as:
Art
Cultural Jams
Entertainment

What kind of messages or images ads try to convey?
Desire
Envey
A better life
Prestige
Tradition
Authenticity
Wealth
Family
Belonging
Exotcism

If we look at envy in ads. This type of advertising takes an average person who is most likely dissatisfied with his/her life. Then comes the product that will change that person's life. That person is transformed into a more glamorous self. This will stir envy in consumers who are also dissatisfied with their lives, who then will try to emulate the transformation seen in the ad.



Fair and Lovely ad

This ad is trageted towards women (or men) who suffer from brown spots or skin discoloration. Envy is a major part of this ad. First, we see Lama (girl in the ad) graduating from college on her way to start a career. HOWEVER, she is faced with difficulties. As she says "The obstacle to obtaining my dream job was my skin." After using the product, Lama gets ahead in her career PLUS she gets the guy!!




Al Wataniya (telecommunication company) ad


This ad was one of my personal favorites the past Ramadan. It played on a number of messages/images. First was tradition, most Arab families get together regualarly with their extended families during Ramadan. The second image was of family. The song accompanying the ad was like narrative of a person talking about his different family members and what made them special. Those family members and images can be found in almost any family: the little neice who suddenly is all grown up, the aunt who is happy playing hostess, the cousin whose plate is always piled with food... The final message of the video os the message of belonging. Those 3 message/images overlap and come together to create a unique message aimed at the average Arab consumer. We might relate to the ad, but that doesn't mean there isn't chaos, problems, or misunderstandings when families get together. Ads idealize the family setting, and present them as an image of security and harmony. In the world of ads families have NO problems that cannot be solved by a product or service.




Monday, January 3, 2011

LESSON FOUR: MEANING

In the previous blog post, I mentioned how you might decode an ad differently than I would have. This is because it is not the producer of the ad (or any other media) who decides the meaning. Meaning is decided by the viewer.
We all go through the process of socialization. Socialization is what we learn from the people around us and our environment. Socialization decided who we are, what we wear, and how things are supposed to be done. A child raised in family who value honesty and reinforce it daily is less likely to lie than child whose parents lie to him/her frequently.
Every viewer individually assigns meaning to media texts. The meaning a viewer assigns to a media text is less likely to be the exact same meaning the producer intended for it to be.
Different people assign different meaning to a text. Is there a dominant meaning? No one really knows! We can say that they are many possible meanings. Even within the same country or social group meaning will vary.
This idea can be really tried and tested with ads. Have you ever seen an ad that everyone thought was funny but you just didn’t get it? A great example here in the UAE is that many ads are imported from different countries. The Emirati viewer was not considered in the making of these ads, hence the meaning the Emirati assigned is more likely to be extremely different than the intended meaning.
Here are some western ads that were transplanted in the UAE media:

  Pizza Hut Dot Commercial dubbed in Arabic




             Pepsi commercial - In the Arabic version Amr Diab (Egyptian singer) played the role of the roman emperor while in the western version it was played by Enrique Iglesias




Questions to ask yourself:
- What was the meaning YOU assigned to each ad?
- Do you believe it is different from the meaning intended by PRODUCER of the ads?
- How might a WESTERN audience decode this ad differently?

Sunday, January 2, 2011

LESSON THREE: MEDIA TEXTS & SEMIOTICS

Media text is any form of media; print, audio, and/or video. It can be a photo in ad, the written words in an ad, an article in a newspaper....

Since we are focusing on ads, the media texts we will be talking about will be the words in an ad, the photo, the video, and sounds.

Media texts are used for purpose of analyzing the media. A way to better understand the messages sent to us through the media. How do we do that? We understand the semiotics and codes present in the text. Another way to put this, imagine media as a language with its own set of signs and codes just like any other language. To understand the language you must learn its signs and codes.

One thing to keep in mind though, is that the signs and symbols in media texts are not uniform messages. They depend on the culture of the person deciphering them. The way I might decode an ad is different from how someone else from another country might.